Introduction to Arabic: Lesson #2 - Present Tense مُضَارِع

The class continue for another 3 hours on Day 2....

2nd Lesson : Present Tense مُضَارِع & Command أَمْرُ

المضارع

Present tense form in Arabic is derived from the root word (in ماضِي). It may not follow the same format, thus, we have to look up in the dictionary to be sure that we get the right verb. The Mudhori' always starts with the letter ي followed by similar form of ماضِي.

Example: 

The مُضَارِع for فَعَلَا is يفْعَلُ

General rules to convert from Maadhi to Mudhori'
He is doing, هُوَ يفْعَلُ is the base and we follow this form to derive or conjugate with other pronouns.

Verb Form – مُضَارِع (Mudhori’ )	Pronouns – (Dhomair) ضَمَائِر		My Notes
أَفْعَلُ	أَنَا		Start from the root word in mudhori'. Replace letter ي with أَ at the beginning of the verb; يَفْعَلُ  becomes  أَفْعَلُ
نَفْعَلُ	نَحْنُ		Replace letter ي with نَ at beginning of the verb; يَفْعَلُ  becomes  نَفْعَلُ
تَفْعَلُ	أَنْتَ		Replace letter ي with تَ at beginning of the verb; يَفْعَلُ  becomes  تَفْعَلُ
تَفْعَليِن	أنتِ		Follow format of anta, add suffix يِنَ at last letter تَفْعَلُ becomes تَفْعَليِن
تَفْعَلاَنِ	أَنْتُمَا		Follow format of anta, add suffix اَنِ at last letter تَفْعَلُ becomes تَفْعَلاَنِ
تَفْعَلُوْنَ	أَنْتُمْ		Follow format of anta, add suffix ون at last letter تَفْعَلُ becomes تَفْعَلُوْنَ
تَفْعَلْنَ	أنْتُنَّ		Follow format of anta, add suffix ن at last letter, make the last letter with harakah sukun تَفْعَلُ becomes تَفْعَلْنَ
يَفْعَلُ	هُوَ		This is the root word that we start with, it will not change. We use this as basis for others
تَفْعَلُ	هِيَ		هِيَ Always follow the form of anta, أَنْتَ
يَفْعَلَانِ	هُمَا		Follow the form from 2nd person أَنْتُمَا, change the prefix letter تَ to ي تَفْعَلاَنِ becomes يَفْعَلَانِ
يَفْعَلُوْنَ	هُمْ		Follow the form from 2nd person أَنْتُمْ, change the prefix letter تَ to ي تَفْعَلُوْنَ becomes يَفْعَلُوْنَ
يَفْعَلْنَ	هُنَّ		Follow the form from 2nd person أنْتُنَّ, change the prefix letter تَ to ي تَفْعَلْنَ becomes  يَفْعَلْنَ

الامر

The command أمر only applies to 2nd person. Thus, we will get only 5 derivation words from the root for أمر . The root word for أمر refers to pronoun أَنْتَ. We always starts أمر with letter ا alif.  

Verb Form – أمر (Amr )	Pronouns – (Dhomair) ضَمَائِر		My Notes
إِفْعَلْ	أَنْتَ		This is the root word that we start with, it will not change. We use this as basis for others. Note that for أمر, the root word is always ending with sukun
إِفْعَلِي	أنتِ		Follow format of anta, add suffix يِ at last letter
إِفْعَلَا	أَنْتُمَا		Follow format of anta, add suffix اَ at last letter
إِفْعَلُوا	أَنْتُمْ		Follow format of anta, add suffix وا at last letter
إِفْعَلْنَ	أنْتُنَّ		Follow format of anta, make the last letter with harakah sukun, add suffix ن at last letter

At this point, we can see the pattern of the derivation or conjugation.  In summary, the following rules apply: 

ماضِي  and أمر :  suffix added to the root word
مُضَارِع : Prefix and or suffix add to the root word

We can see commonality in the ruling as well: 

Letter ا (alif) added for  هُمَا + أَنْتُمَا
Letter و (wau) added for هُمْ + أَنْتُمْ

Letter ن (nun) added for هُنَّ + أنْتُنَّ

That's all for the next 3 hours on day 2.  Spent with revision and practices to ensure we have good understanding... 

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